Patrick YvanTCHEBEGNA1*, Chris Nadège NGANOU-GNINDJIO2, Kiliane Maeva TCHATCHOUANG KENGNE3, Jean Jacques YOMKIL BAYE1, Bertrand Daryl TCHEUTCHOUA NZOKOU1, Dominic Landry WOUNA ANGONG1, Murielle Orlaine GUIMBANG NDEM1, Francis Junior TSASSE FOKOU3, Christelle DONGMO NANFACK1, Suzanne Rachel KALA NKI ELANGUE1, Francial NANG TERRENSTRA1, JosephKAMGNO1
1Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I ; 2Yaounde Central Hospital ; Université des Montagnes ; 3Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala
CaHReF 2018, Yaoundé Congres hall, 08 – 11 January 2019 , OERF003
Background: Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Globally, rates of several noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes are increasing with the obesity epidemic in childhood. However, overweigth and obesity in children and adolescents are still under-researched and undervalued in Cameroon
Objectif: To determine and compare the profile of cardiometabolic diseases among overweight and obese school adolescents in urban and semi-urban areas in Cameroon
Methodology: A cross sectional analytic study was carried out from December 2017 to April 2018 in 11 secondary schools randomly selected after stratified survey on the level of tuition fees: 6 from the city of Yaounde (urban setting, central Cameroon) and 5 from Mbouda (semi-urban setting, western Cameroon).We included all students aged 11 to 19 who accepted to participate and whose parents had signed informed consent. The data collected from the clinical and paraclinical examinations were: height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, wrist and arm circumferences, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and biochemical markers of lipid profile. Significance level: 5%.
Results : We included and examined 1870 adolescents,930 in urban setting and 940 in semi-urban setting.The mean age, 14±4 years.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22.8% in urban setting compared to 11.6% in semi-urban setting.Dyslipidemias were more frequent in semiurban environment,Hypertriglyceridemia:48.3% in urban setting versus 73.2%(OR= 0.34 ; CI95 :0.19-0.61 ; p <0.001). Low HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly more common in urban setting: 71.9% versus 58.1%(OR=1.84;CI:1.02-3.32;<0.05). We haven't found an association between the living environment and type 2 diabetes, 1.8% in both areas(OR=1;CI:0.16-4.89;p=0.9).Adolescents were more hypertensive in urban area even though this difference was not statistically significant (OR=1.1;CI:0.51-2.46;p=0.8)
Conclusion/Recommandation: Overweight/ obesity is more prevalent in urban setting in Cameroon,urban adolescents being more hypertensive.Semiurban environment was mainly associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities. We encourage heathcare providers to integrate fasting blood glucose and biochemical markers of lipid profile as routine Paraclinical exams during consultations of obese and overweight children and adolescents. Other studies should focus specifically on the adult outcome of these serious comorbidities already present in childhood in these two study settings.
Key Words: Cardiometabolic diseases, overweight, obesity, adolescents, Sub-saharan.