Colette SIH1*, Alain MENANGA2,Yannick DJIEKA3, Anastase DZUDIE2, Innocent TAKOUGANG4
1Mbingo Baptist Hospital,Cameroon 2General Hospital Yaounde; 3Polyclinic INNOVA Douala; 4Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
CaHReF 2018, Yaoundé Congres hall, 08 – 11 January 2019 , OERF022
Background: The epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases (amongst which is coronary heart disease) is changing with a definite increase in their prevalence across sub-Saharan Africa due to westernisation of lifestyles and the demographic transition. However, the epidemiology of coronary heart disease in communities in Cameroon, especially rural, remain largely unknown
Objectif: Determine the pattern of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the population of mbingo in 2018, the prevalence and potential predictors of coronary heart disease
Methodology: Study participants aged 30-74 years were recruited at local churches in mbingo. A questionnaire was administered addressing issues related to smoking habits, dietary and physical exercise practices and personal and family histories of cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure and anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured following standard operating procedures. The 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Framingham Heart Age calculator. Participants with a risk of 10% and above were submitted to an electrocardiographic (ECG) test. Features of myocardial ischemia and infarction were searched using the Minnesota coding system by two blinded Cardiologists.
Results:Amongst the 1199 participants recruited, 840 (70.1%) were women with a median age of 33(30-42) years. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.5% and diabetes 3.7%. About 64% of participants were overweight and obese and 75.3% had central obesity. 4.9% smoked and 7.6% consumed alcohol. All participants ate a high-salt diet, 99.8% had a high-fat diet and 80.9% had a diet low in fruits and vegetables. Over half (57.5%) of participants were sedentary and 37.6% had a family history of CVD. The prevalence of CHD was 2.8% (5.8% in men and 1.5% in women). The independent predictors of CHD were diabetes and obesity
Conclusion/Recommandation: This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity and poor dietary patterns. Men were at higher cardiovascular risk than women. The prevalence of CHD was low and its predictors were a history of diabetes and obesity. Access to screening, early diagnosis and cost-effective management of cardiovascular disease risk factors at a community level is essential to halt the progression of cardiovascular diseases in our environment.
Key Words:Coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease riskfactors