Darline DEMSONG NGUEMO
University of Dschang,Cameroon
CaHReF 2018, Yaoundé Congres hall, 08 – 11 January 2019 , OSEP038
Background: 2 million patients suffer from Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections (NI) and thereof 100 000 die per year representing a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide thus a universal public health problem. It extends the length of hospital stay of patients leading to negative impacts on healthcare
Objectif: The frequency and distribution of NI at the Mbouo Protestant Hospital, Bandjoun (MPH) was measured from 1st of April to 31st of May 2018
Methodolody: To achieve our objective, a longitudinal and descriptive study was carried out at the MPH. The patients were recruited consecutively at the surgical, gynecological, neonatology and intensive care units. Each consenting patient was administered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study and were followed up daily for the duration of their hospitalization. Using a standardized grid, all nosocomial infections were detected and confirmed using CDC and WHO definitions. Data analysis was done with the software Epi info 7.1.3.3 and the chi-square test was use to compare the differences in proportions. Cumulative incidence was used to estimate NI frequency.
Results:105 patients were included. 31 NI were detected yielding a cumulative incidence and an incidence rate of 29.51% (31/105) NI/patient and 33.8% (31/917) NI/1000 patient days respectively. Infections of blood stream (35.48%; 11/31), skin (19.35%; 6/31) and surgical site (19.35%; 6/31) were the most frequent NIs observed. A hospitalization exceeding 7days in the hospital was linked with the occurrence of NI (<0.05). The gynaecological units registered the highest NI frequency (33.3%). The urinary catheter represented the invasive device with the major cause of NI (41.4%).We found no significant influence of patient medical histories on the occurrence of nosocomial infections (p>0.05).
Conclusion/Recommandation: To conclude, this study aimed at assessing nosocomial infections and answering the question of whether or not there exists an active surveillance at the MPH revealed a cumulative incidence of 29.52% and a cumulative rate of 33.33NI/1000 patient-days, translating the non-implementation of an active surveillance of nosocomial infections at the MPH.
To reduce this, we recommend the implementation of strategies for a sustainable and continuous monitoring of NI in all health facilities of Cameroon.
Key Words:Nosocomial infections, Incidence, Patients, MPH, West-Cameroon
Surveillance épidémiologique et prévention des maladies infectieuses.