Rodrigue AKOUE NGAPE1, Fredy Brice SIMO NEMG2*, Francine Berlange SADO YOUSSEU3, George OTTO AWA4, Joseph KAMGNO2, Maurice DEMANOU5
1Higher Institute of Medical Technology,Cameroon ; 2University of Yaounde1 ; 3University of Buea,Cameroon ; 4District Hospital of Mfou ; 5Centre Pasteur of Cameroon
CaHReF 2018, Yaoundé Congres hall, 08 – 11 January 2019 , OSEP034
Background: Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are three vector transmissible viral diseases caused by a mosquito vector of the genus Aedes. However, clinical similarity with hyper endemic malaria makes clinical diagnosis ambiguous, leading to underestimation of arboviral burden and overestimation of Malaria burden in Cameroon.
Objectif: To determine the frequency and clinical manifestations of: Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viral infections in the district hospitals of Mfou, Centre region of Cameroon.
Methodolody: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to May 2018 in the district hospital of Mfou. Clinically suspected patients of all age group, defined as patients with acute fever of less than 7 days as presenting complain associated to two or more other symptoms, were enrolled. Blood sample was collected in an EDTA tube, followed by detection of the presence of Plasmodium parasites using a Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test in the local laboratory. The remaining sample was transported to the virology department at Centre Pasteur for molecular detection of these arboviruses using rT TRIOPLEX PCR
Results: A total of 108 patients were included with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1:2 and 50% less than 15.5 years old. 14.8% and 2.8 % had acute DEN and CHIK infections. 56.3% were co-infected with DENV/Malaria and 33.3% with Chikungunya/Malaria. No case of ZIKV was detected. Clinical profile revealed that nausea and vomiting were more common in DEN infected than non-infected Dengue patients (P=0.027). Anorexia (14.46%), Arthritis (14.71%), Chills (14.75%), Headache (13.24%), Abdominal pain (12.96%), Diarrhoea (23.81%), Cough (13.16%), Nasal congestion (23.40%), were frequent in Dengue infection. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the clinical presentation of CHIKV infection.
Conclusion/Recommandation: The presence of Dengue fever and Chikungunya fever and the absence of specific clinical manifestations in the health district of Mfou highlights the need to strengthen surveillance of acute febrile infections for a better estimation of the burden of arboviruses. Combined with the explosions in urban human populations in the tropics, Dengue and Chikungunya will continue to increase in incidence until effective vaccines are available or improved control of urban vectors is achieved.
Key Words: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Co-infection and Mfou