Geh BUOLIKEZE1
1Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences ,The University of Yaounde 1 ,Cameroon
CaHReF 2018, Yaoundé Congres hall, 08 – 11 January 2019 , OSEP045
Background: HIV infection is associated to different oral manifestation (including periodontal diseases), which has decreased with the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. The occurrence of periodontitis is still very common among HIV patients. Few studies have been carried out in the sub Saharan Africa especially Cameroon hence our study.
Objectif: Our study objective was to evaluate the determinants of periodontitis according to the immunological and virological profiles of HIV-infected patients.
Methodolody: A total of 165 (44 ART-naïve and 121 ART-experienced) patients at the Yaoundé central hospital and CIRCB were enrolled in our study. The periodontal status was assessed by measuring the Clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth, Plaques index and Gingival bleeding index .CD4+ and CD8+ cells and plasma viral load were measured. The CD4, CD8 and viral load were measured using FACS Calibur (using the flow cytometry method) and Abbott m2000RT respectively. A questionnaire concerning their passed medical records and oral hygiene methods was filled.
Results: There was a high prevalence of periodontitis in the ART-naïve group (53.2%) than in the ART-experienced group (37.3%), with an increased risk of the ART-naïve population presenting with periodontitis than the ART-experienced population (OR=2.06, p=0.03). ART-naïve patients with CD4<200cells presented with a risk of having periodontitis (OR=3.21).Males presented with higher risk of having clinical attachment loss than females (OR=6.07) .There was no significant association between the occurrence of periodontitis and the biomarkers (CD4, CD8 and plasma viral load).-
Conclusion/Recommandation: Risk determinants observed to be significantly associated to periodontitis in HIV- infected patients are: ART- naïve HIV- infected patients, male gender, and CD4<200cells, highlighting the need for regular periodontal screening (Bucco- Dental checkups) in these patients especially the males and those with CD4<200cells. There was no significant association between the different ART regimen, clinical biomarkers and the occurrence of periodontitis.
Key Words: HIV, Periodontitis, CD4, CD8, Viral load