Prevalence of proteinuria and hypertension in secondary schools of yaoundé i sub-division

CaHReF 20116, Yaoundé Conges hall, 23 – 26 August 2016 , PL116

Université des Montagnes

Persistent proteinuria and hypertension in children are important markers of kidney injury. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of proteinuria and hypertension in secondary schools in Yaoundé I sub-division and to identify their associated risk factors. This objective was driven by the gravity of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the need to reduce its incidence and delay the onset or evolution of its complications through early diagnosis.
A cross sectional study was study was carried out from April to September 2014. A randomized proportional stratified sampling method to select 453 students below the age of 18 years. A questionnaire to determine demographic characteristics and risk factors during a semi-structural interview. A total of three screening sessions were done per participant for proteinuria and hypertension using dipstick and Korotkoff sound method respectively. The Schwartz formula to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in subjects presenting high blood pressure (HBP). Data was analysed using SAS software and the variables were significant for p <0.05.
The sex ratio was 0.98 with a mean age of 14.47 ± 1.87 years with extreme ages, 10 and 17. Response rates to medical control visits were 74 and 73.9% respectively for screening of hypertension and proteinuria. At the end of our study, no child had persistent proteinuria. The prevalence of transient proteinuria was 22.9%, more frequent in teenagers (p=0.0001). Increased age and high socio-éducative status were found to be associated to transient proteinuria (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension were 1.7 and 2.9% respectively. Pre-hypertension was common in subjects who live with both parents and in those with non-technical secondary education. No factor was linked to hypertension. The mean GFR was 102.2 ± 14.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 for those with HBP.

These results show a high prevalence of transient proteinuria and the existence of hypertension in children. This suggests that the medical staff should endeavour to measure systematically the blood pressure for all paediatric cases and carry-out at least two proteinuria dipstick controls, before any conclusion in this context.

prevalence, proteinuria, hypertension, secondary schools