Investigating risk factors of chronic kidneys disease in yaounde (centre region, cameroon): a case-control study

CaHReF 20116, Yaoundé Conges hall, 23 – 26 August 2016 , PL115

Yaounde General Hospital (YGH), Yaounde, Cameroon

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its treatment represents a huge economic burden for the health system. The main risks factors of CKD are cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and population ageing. In Cameroon, few cross sectional studies have assessed the impact of non-communicablerisk factors on the outcome of CKD. This study aimed at assessingboth communicable and non-communicable risk factors of CKD in Yaoundé (Centre region, Cameroon).

This was a case-control study. Cases were CKD patients, either already dialysed or not, attending the General Hospitaland the University Teaching Hospital inYaounde. Controls were recruited among individualswith glomerular filtration rategreater than 60 ml/min/1.73m²,without urine abnormalities.Clinical data werecollected usinga questionnaire. A calibrated blood smearwas performed, both for cases and control,to search forLoa loamicrofilariae. For controls, urine dipstick and serum creatinine measurement wasperformed,and venous blood collected for the diagnosis of HIV, HBsAg and AcHCV.

A total of 602 participants were included, with similar numberin both groups. Risk factors associated with CKD were gout (OR : 11.70; p : 0.003), Acute Kidney Injury history (OR : 9.58; p : 0.04), hypertension (OR : 9.58; p <0.0001 ),diabetes (OR : 6.15; p <0.0001), smoking(OR = 5.23; p = 0.001), HIV (OR: 5.05; p: 0.001), low socioeconomic level (OR : 2.36; p <0.0001) and age ≥ 50 years (OR: 1.90; p: 0.01). In old individuals in particular, obesity and male were additional risk factors associated with CKD, while the use of complementary and/or alternative medicine was an additional risk factor associated with the development of the CKD inyouth and women.

Risk factors of the CKD in Yaoundéappearsimilar to those found in developed countries. Unlike previous findings in developing countries, most of the risk factors associated with CKD in our case-control study were non-communicable. These findings are of high interest for the prevention of CKD patients.

Risk Factors, chronic kidney disease, case-control study, Yaoundé, Cameroon.