Prevalence and factors associated with the development of TB pleural effusion in PTB patients in Polyclinic D'akwa

CaHReF 20116, Yaoundé Conges hall, 23 – 26 August 2016 , PL047

Studies have shown that 3% to 30% of patients with tuberculosis will have tuberculous pleuritis. Patients with HIV infection have a higher incidence of pleural effusion, if they are coinfected with tuberculosis, than those without HIV. Pleural effusion can be exudative or a transudate, but in tuberculous pleural effusion, the fluid is exudative and characterized by lymphocytosis. Polyclinic D’akwa, Douala, Cameroon. To determine the proportion of patients with PTB that would develop TB-PE as a percentage of the entire PTB patients. To determine socio-demographic characteristics and other clinical conditions, in PTB patients, which are significantly related with the development of TB-PE It was a retrospective cross sectional study of 254 participants. Only participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited, consecutively, from January 2012 to December 2015. After collection, the data were entered into a personal computer using excel 2010 The prevalence of TB-PE was calculated as the frequency of TB-PE expressed as a percentage of the entire PTB patient population studied. Chi Square test was used to test for association between sex, age, HIV and Cigarette smoking as dependent factors associated with the development of pleural effusion. Logistic regression was used to test for independent factors associated with the development of TB-PE. Prevalence of TB-PE of the 254 PTB participants studied, 25(9.8%) had Pleural Effusion. Of the 25 cases of Pleural Effusion, 21(8.3%) of them was due to TB.  Factors associated with TB-PE HIV coinfection (p-value=0.000) and Cigarette Smoking (p-value=0 .023), were statistically significant for the development of pleural effusion, after Chi Square analysis. Using logistic regression, it was shown that, both HIV coinfection ( p-value=0.000) and Cigarette smoking ( p-value=0.05) were statististically significant as independently associated factors for the development of TB-PE Our results highlight the importance of investigating the cause of Pleural Effusion in PTB patients, because not all cases are due to TB. The results also propose the need to have a high degree of suspicion, in PTB patients with HIV coinfection or history of Cigarette smoking, for the development of TB-PE.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), TB- Pleural Effusion (TB-PE), Prevalence, Associated factors, Douala, Cameroon.