Risk assessment of hepatotoxicity among TB and HIV/AIDS-coinfected patients, under TB treatment

CaHReF 20116, Yaoundé Conges hall, 23 – 26 August 2016 , PL036

Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem. It is a contagious and grave disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current drugs such as Isoniazid, pyrazinamid and rifampicin used for the treatment of tuberculosis are potentially hepatotoxic and can lead to drug hepatitis. In order to improve the follow up of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Cameroon, we carried out a study which aim to evaluate the hepatotoxicity risk factors associated with antituberculosis drugs.
The studies were performed on 75 participants came to the Loum District Hospital for their routine consultation. Participants have been selected based on the pre-established criteria of inclusion and exclusion after they signed the informed consent. They were questioned about the antioxidant foods and alcohol consumption as well as some clinical signs of hepatotoxicity such as fever, nausea, vomiting and tiredness. The collected blood helped for the determination of biochemical markers transaminases, C-reactive protein) using standard spectrophotometric methods 
Biochemical analysis of samples showed a significant increase (p <0.05) of AST and ALT values in tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV/AIDS (33.28 ± 16.58 UI/L and 30.84 ± 17.17 UI/L respectively) compared to the respective values of the controls (16.35 ± 5.31 UI/L and 16.45 ± 4.83 UI/L). Regarding the C-reactive protein results, the percentage of positive tests was very high among coinfected patients (40%) compared to the control (15%). The interactions between parameters related to alcohol consumption and intake of antioxidant foods showed a slight decrease in activity compared to interactions without food. 
The results showed that HIV status and alcohol consumption constitute aggravating factors for the occurrence of hepatic toxicity. In addition, the consumption of antioxidant foods simultaneously with TB drugs help in reducing the hepatotoxic effects of these drugs.

Tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, Co-infection, Hepatotoxicity, AST, ALT